Capital decisions

Data Center Site Selection and Industrial Siting

We take candidate parcels down to net buildable acreage after wetlands, floodway, slope and easements, then compare transmission, fiber, water, zoning and earthwork. The first 3 are free.

Free preview: 3 properties, delivered 3 business days after we confirm your territory. No card, no call.

Vertical survey photograph of an industrial park: rectangular plant buildings, yards and vacant lots laid out on a road grid, with a dense low-rise residential district along one edge.
Industrial park parcels, illustrativePhoto: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (CC BY 4.0)

Sec. 01 — The decision

Gross acreage is a marketing number. The only figure that matters is what is left after the wetlands, the floodway and the slope.

A 220-acre listing that nets 96 buildable acres is a different asset from the one in the brochure. The deciding constraint is often elsewhere — an 11-mile substation run, or a rezoning.

See how the research works

Sec. 02 — Evidence

The nine constraints that decide an industrial site

Site selection fails on the constraint nobody screened for, so each of these is measured from public data with the point named where a specialist takes over.

ConstraintWhere it comes fromWhat it settles — and what it does not
Net buildable acreageParcel polygons less wetlands inventory, FEMA floodway, LiDAR slope, and visible easementsConverts gross listed acreage into a defensible net developable figure and shows where the pad sits. It is a desktop netting, not a boundary survey or a jurisdictional determination.
Assemblage complexityParcel ownership records across the candidate footprintCounts how many owners a site requires, identifies the holdout parcels controlling access, and flags fractional and heirs' ownership. It says nothing about willingness to sell or price.
Transmission proximity and voltageFederal transmission line and substation datasets, voltage class where published, service territoriesMeasures distance from pad to substation and the voltage class of adjoining lines, the first-order screen for any large load. Capacity and queue position come only from the utility.
Fiber and latency positionPublished long-haul route maps, carrier point-of-presence and exchange locations, path from the siteBrackets round-trip latency to the nearest exchange and shows whether physically diverse routes plausibly exist. It does not establish lit capacity, available conduit or pricing.
Water and sewer serviceUtility and district service-area boundaries, permitted withdrawal points, treatment capacity, distance to mainsIndicates whether the site sits inside a service area and how far the nearest main is, which decides whether a water-intensive process is even a conversation. It is not a will-serve letter.
Zoning and entitlement pathMunicipal and county zoning layers, comprehensive plan future land use, overlay districtsEstablishes whether the intended use is by right, needs a special use permit, or needs a rezoning — a six-month schedule against a twenty-four-month one. It does not predict a council vote.
Access and logisticsRoad functional classification and weight limits, interchange distance, Class I rail alignmentsShows truck routing, interchange distance and whether a rail spur exists or could plausibly be built. It does not secure a haul route permit or a rail service agreement.
Terrain and earthwork burdenLiDAR-derived slope, relief and cut-and-fill estimate across the intended pad footprintEstimates the earthwork needed for a level pad at your target dimensions, often the largest cost gap between similar candidates. It is not a geotechnical report.
Environmental and community contextEPA facility and cleanup registries, historic aerial imagery, adjacent residential parcel countsFlags prior industrial use, nearby regulated facilities and the residential adjacency that predicts organised opposition. It is not a Phase I assessment.
Scroll the table sideways for all three columns
Jurisdictional variation

Some counties publish attributed, machine-readable zoning and parcel layers; others publish a scanned map and a phone number. Each summary states which were available.

Sec. 03 — The engagement

The shortlist gets shorter before the consultants get engaged.

Screening takes days and diligence takes months, so moving one disqualifying question earlier is the whole return.

  1. Define the facility profileTarget pad and net acreage, power and water demand, latency requirement, and the automatic disqualifiers.
  2. Net and measure every candidateWe deduct wetlands, floodway, slope and easements, then measure transmission, fiber, water, zoning and terrain identically.
  3. Rank and hand off the diligenceAn analyst orders candidates, states where a jurisdiction published less, and names the specialist for each site.
Comparable candidate summaries

One page per site with the same constraints in the same order, and the question most likely to end each candidate.

Net buildable acreage analysis

Gross parcel area, each deduction with its source, the net developable figure, and where the usable pad sits.

Utility, terrain and access position

Substation distance and voltage class, fiber and exchange distance, water and sewer position, cut-and-fill across the pad, and road and rail access.

Entitlement and ownership path

Current zoning, future land use, the approval route the intended use requires, and the parcel and owner count.

Sec. 04 — Limits

We shorten the list. Specialists close the deal.

Everything below the line is a licensed or negotiated answer. A desktop screen that pretended otherwise would cost more than it saved.

Settled by the report

  • Net buildable acreage after wetlands, floodway, slope and visible easements, on every candidate
  • How many owners and parcels a site requires, and which parcel controls access
  • Distance and voltage class to the nearest substation and transmission line
  • Whether the intended use is by right, needs a special use permit, or needs a rezoning
  • Earthwork burden across the intended pad, and truck and rail access position

Not settled — specialists required

  • Available electrical capacity, queue position, interconnection cost and study timeline
  • Water allocation, will-serve commitments and treatment capacity availability
  • Wetland delineation, jurisdictional determination and Phase I environmental findings
  • Geotechnical conditions: bearing capacity, rock, groundwater and pile requirements
  • Land price, seller willingness, title condition, incentives and the political outcome
The five checks that follow the shortlist
  1. Open a pre-application conversation with the utility for the specific load and location before spending anything else.
  2. Commission a boundary survey and a wetland delineation, since the netted acreage is a desktop figure until a delineator signs it.
  3. Request a will-serve or capacity letter from the water and sewer providers.
  4. Meet the planning department early to confirm the entitlement path and the realistic schedule.
  5. Order Phase I environmental and geotechnical work before the option period on the leading candidate expires.

Sec. 05 — Questions

Capacity, consultants, jurisdictions, and other uses.

Further reading

How this screen is actually run.

The method behind this report, written out in full.

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Start with three candidates

Send three parcels and see what nets out after the constraints.

Give us three candidate sites and your facility profile. We return net buildable acreage, utility position, zoning path and the disqualifying question for each, in 3 business days, free.

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